UCP Journal of Mass Communication
type: channel
description: UCP Journal of Mass Communication (UCPJMC) is a HEC-recognized (Y-Category) Research Journal. UCP Journal of Mass Communication (UCPJMC) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal in the field of Mass Communication, Journalism, and Media Contents. The journal is published biannually by the Faculty of Media and Mass Communication, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan. The main aim of the journal is to publish the research articles, which are derived from advanced and quality scholarly work in the in the field of mass communication to promote scholarly debate and dialogue. This Journal encourages research that contributes to the advancement of mass communication as an interdisciplinary field. The journal strictly follows the policy of initial editorial screening and peer-reviewing process at the second step to ensure quality. This journal welcomes submissions from research scholars all across the world. ISSN Numbers: 2959-8532 (Online), 2959-8524 (Print)
publisher: University of Central Punjab
language: en
publication name: UCP Journal of Mass Communication
issn: 2959-8524
items: Reclaiming the Narrative: Deconstructing Anti-Pakistan Propaganda in the Indian Film Dhurandhar I & II
items: Mic Drop Misogyny: A Feminist Analysis of Male Hosts Conduct in Pakistani Digital Media
items: Reenactment Based Crime Shows Representation on Social Media by Pakistani Channels and its Psychological Effects on Youth of Lahore
items: Examining the Impact of Twitter (X) on News Sourcing and Dissemination: A Qualitative Study of Mainstream Media Editors in Pakistan
items: K-Dramas as Cultural Bridges: Analyzing Their Influence on Pakistani Viewers
items: Episodic Framing in Environmental Media:Analyzing Climate Change Coverage by Geo and ARY on Instagram
items: North-East Nigerian Gen Z’s Perceptions of the September 2025 Gen Z Against Corruption and Nepotism’ Social Media Driven Activism in Nepal
items: A Digital Ethnography of Gendered Memes and Symbolism in the India-Pakistan Conflict
items: Climate Change Sensitization in Pakistan’s Public and Private TV News: A Case Study of Floods 2022
items: Critical Review of Ethan Zuckerman’s Perspective on Social Media and Civic Movements: A Case Study of Pakistan
items: Exploring The Impact of Consumer Perception On Their Buying Predispositions: A Theoretical Validation of Cause & Effect Theories
items: Visual Digital Resistance: Examining the Humour and Hostility in Pakistani Instagram Memes Post Pahalgam Incident
items: Assessing the Quality of COVID-19 information on Social Media in Zimbabwe: Implications for Future Crisis Communication.
items: Exploring the Significance of Social Media on Social Justice Movements Through the Lens of Social Activists in Pakistan
items: Role of Social Media in Enhancing the Visibility and Attractiveness of Academic Programs
items: Representation of Climate Change in Pakistani Media: An Analysis of Print Media News Stories and Official Tweets
items: Food Documentaries as a Tool for Cultural Promotion of Lahore: A Tourist Perspective
items: Effects of Cartoon Series on Learning Attitude
items: Work Life Balance Is an Illusion: Exploring the Challenges Faced by Pakistani Working Women
items: News Management of Pakistan Electronic Media: A Study of Human and Technological Aspects Influencing News of TV Channel
items: A Quantitative Content Analysis Examining Influence of Bollywood on the Integration of Hindi and Urdu
items: How Facebook Influences Parent-Adolescent Interactions: A Study on Interpersonal Dynamics
items: Media as a Catalyst for Change: Addressing Transgender Violence and Healthcare Inequality in Pakistan
items: Impacts of YouTube Tutorials on Students Education
items: Effects of Watching Pakistani TV Dramas On Perceived Portrayal of Family Relationships Among University Students
items: Exploring how Facebook usage affects the interpersonal connections of adolescents with their parents
items: In Female Consumption Patterns of Digital Media: An Analysis of Ait Live Platform
items: Impacts of Romantic Dramas on Youth of Lahore
items: Social Networking as Determinant of Online Friendship Quality and Trust: Case of Pakistan
items: Role of Media in Empowerment of Transgenders in Pakistan

Reclaiming the Narrative: Deconstructing Anti-Pakistan Propaganda in the Indian Film Dhurandhar I & II
type: item
description: Cinema operates as a powerful instrument of soft power, shaping public perception, collective memory, and political discourse through emotionally engaging narratives. This study critically examines the Indian film Dhurandhar (both parts) to explore how popular cinema constructs and circulates anti-Pakistan narratives. Employing a qualitative research design, the study integrates content analysis, narrative analysis, in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to examine selected scenes, dialogues, cinematography, sound, character portrayals, and cultural representations. The analysis is grounded in soft power theory, media framing theory, and propaganda analysis to understand how cinematic techniques contribute to ideological messaging and national identity construction. Findings indicate systematic historical distortion, emotional manipulation, selective storytelling, and the reinforcement of political stereotypes. IDIs and FGDs revealed strong audience criticism of scenes depicting the ISI, the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, the character of Sardar Rehman and SP Chaudhri Aslam, which participants described as misleading and factually inaccurate. Moreover, participants highlighted the misrepresentation of Liyari culture, particularly through the costumes of the lead hero and heroine, which were seen as culturally inauthentic. The study emphasizes the importance of media literacy, critical viewing practices, and the development of counter-narratives to challenge the influence of politically biased cinema.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Propaganda
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Framing
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Misrepresentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Bollywood
  topic: keywords
subject: Narrative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Soft Power
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian Cinema
  topic: keywords
creator: Abbas Mumtaz
creator: Zainab Mahnoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 84
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.04.01.907

Mic Drop Misogyny: A Feminist Analysis of Male Hosts Conduct in Pakistani Digital Media
type: item
description: Since 2018, the Pakistani podcast scene has developed significantly and provided new forums for public discourse; however, they may also serve to reinforce traditional media's current dominant patriarchal authority structures. This research utilizes a feminist lens to explore critiques of new social media programs produced by Pakistani podcasts from 2024-2026 through analysis of the behavior of male hosts towards female guests as well as how those actions impact women within society. The study draws on theories of hegemonic masculinity (Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005), ambivalent sexism (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the male gaze (Mulvey,1975), and gender performativity (Butler,1990) to investigate three distinct case studies: Irshad Bhatti's approach to questioning Meera; Dr. Omar Adil's commentary regarding female anchors; and Rehaan Tariq's interrogation of Wardah Malik. According to the results of the study, male interviewers commonly utilize similar discourse practices (e.g., aggressive questioning; moral judgment) combined with communication that challenges competence (Briggs et al., 2023). These three behaviors serve to render the interview an arena of gendered evaluation. This research finds that the above-mentioned behaviors are not coincidental but rather are structural performances of hegemonic masculinity both in the unregulated and virally motivated digital media environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Madiha Nadeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 34
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.04.01.888

Reenactment Based Crime Shows Representation on Social Media by Pakistani Channels and its Psychological Effects on Youth of Lahore
type: item
description: This research examines the impact of crime shows with reenactments on the attitudes, perceptions and behaviours of Pakistani youth. In the age of media explosion, especially in the form of crime shows, media influence is a significant issue. In a country like Pakistan, where there is an emphasis on cultural and moral values, research on the effects of these shows on young adults is lacking. This study adopts a quantitative method, and uses a survey data collection technique with a sample of 600 undergraduate students from a university in Lahore, Pakistan. The research examines the students' media viewing patterns, exposure to crime shows and their psychogenic responses to these shows. The results show strong correlations between the consumption of reenactment-based crime shows and changes in attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours of youth in Pakistan. Research findings point towards the need for responsible media and ethical journalism, especially in a culture-based society. This study adds to the debate on media effects through a better understanding of the impact of reenactment-based crime shows on youth in Pakistan. The results have implications for media ethics, production, and the health of young adults in an ever-changing media ecosystem.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reenactment-Based Crime Shows
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Influence
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistani Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Impact
  topic: keywords
creator: Javeria Nazeer
creator: Sajjad Sikandar Lalayka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 85
ending page: 113
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.04.01.864

Examining the Impact of Twitter (X) on News Sourcing and Dissemination: A Qualitative Study of Mainstream Media Editors in Pakistan
type: item
description: The growth of social media, particularly Twitter (X) has drastically impacted mainstream journalistic practices worldwide. In Pakistan, journalism is entering an emerging phase due to the use of Twitter (X) by journalists to perform various news-related tasks. This integration of Twitter (X) into mainstream journalism signifies a transformative move in the Pakistani mainstream media landscape. in view of the importance of Twitter (X) in journalism as highlighted in a broad range of literature, the current study is an attempt to explore how Twitter (X) has brought notable changes in mainstream journalistic practices in Pakistan. By employing qualitative in-depth interviews with 12 senior editors of print and electronic media, this study explored that Twitter (X) not only brought a trend of digital storytelling but also played a significant role in bringing changes in news sourcing and dissemination practices among Pakistani journalists. Findings revealed that Twitter (X) has paced up the speed of news gathering, followed by another significant change Twitter (X) has brought in mainstream media of Pakistan is the “democratization of information”, allowing journalists to rely on Twitter (X) to source news and to break exclusive news stories instead of going into the field for reporting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journalistic Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Mainstream Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: News Sourcing
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Journalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ali Bhadur
creator: Prof. Dr. Saqib Riaz
creator: Raja Kamran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 45
ending page: 68
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.02.694

K-Dramas as Cultural Bridges: Analyzing Their Influence on Pakistani Viewers
type: item
description: This research analyzes the increased popularity of Korean dramas (K-dramas) among young Pakistani audiences and the impact that these dramas have had on consumer behavior, cultural relevance, and promotion of cultural participation. Based on the Social Cognitive Theory by Bandura, the study examines the way an audience views, imitates, and internalizes values and behaviors that are exhibited by K-dramas. Qualitative data were obtained by semi-structured interviews with 25 female participants aged 18- 25, and analyzed using NVivo 15 thematic analysis. The discussion revealed four themes, which included cultural resonance, Korean product and practice adoption by the consumers, language learning and visiting South Korea aspirations. The results indicate that the K-dramas have a great appeal to the Pakistani viewers as they share some common values, including family bonds, respect for older generations, and modesty. Meanwhile, they serve as cultural intermediaries, motivating the audience to learn about Korean beauty products and food, as well as entertainment. K-dramas also contribute to people being interested in learning the Korean language and visiting South Korea. These observations contribute to existing debates on the interplay of global media flows with local cultures and how they transform them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Korean Dramas
  topic: keywords
subject: Korean Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Hayllu wave
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Influence
  topic: keywords
creator: Wania Rauf
creator: Saleem Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 62
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.04.01.759

Episodic Framing in Environmental Media:Analyzing Climate Change Coverage by Geo and ARY on Instagram
type: item
description: Instagarm plays an important role for public awareness and empowering citizens to advocate to address pressing climate change concerns. The purpose of this study to examine GEO News and Ary News, two prominent Pakistan news channels, to identify how these channels are framed climate change using formal-stylistic approaches i.e., episodic and thematic framing. A qualitative content and frame analysis of 150 posts from January2024 to July 2024 prevails dominant framing patterns, themes, and narrative strategies. This study reveals both channels employ episodic framing emphasizes on current events rather then a thematic frame. The outcomes presented demonstrate that news channels under analysis utilize the episodic framing, which is based on the presentation of events and their effects most of the time. While such a frequent use of episodic framing proves useful in producing stories that generate interest within the audience, it does not offer conditions for developing more contextual insight. On the other hand, Geo News use thematic framing more often to associate a climate change aspect with a larger phenomenon such as agriculture or economic losses. These trends may explain the prevalence of episodic framing and, at the same time, indicate a potential problem of the overemphasis on episodic framing at the cost of developing a long-term climate perspective. This research points to the importance of framing strategies in capturing the interest of the target audience and promoting more effective ways of understanding climatic changes; in this context, the study posits that Instagram can serve a major function in the improvement of climatic awareness among the populace, which will in turn enable a call to action regarding the practice of sustainable living.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Laiba Shahid Laiba Shahid
creator: Zahir Ahmad Sulehri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 69
ending page: 89
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.02.579

North-East Nigerian Gen Z’s Perceptions of the September 2025 Gen Z Against Corruption and Nepotism’ Social Media Driven Activism in Nepal
type: item
description: This study investigated the views of Gen Z Nigerians on transnational digital activism relevant to the interests of the Nepali populace. It aimed to discern the level of awareness and knowledge of the 2025 Nepali activism, the primary social media platforms used to access information about the activism, evaluative perspectives on the activism and its motivational potential, and anti-corruption sentiments in Nigeria. The study was premised on the utilised Networked Publics Theory. This study used the survey research approach and Google Forms for structured questionnaire to target young, digitally engaged individuals in Nigeria’s northeastern states of Borno, Adamawa, and Gombe. Out of 400 copies of questionnaire distributed, 367 were used for analysis. The descriptive analytic framework used in the study employed the mean and standard deviation. It was revealed that most respondents learned about the movement through TikTok, Instagram, and X. This study confirms that social media functions as a form of activism and demonstrates, once more, the prominence of digital civic engagement tools among the young demographic. Although respondents expressed appreciation for the movement's relevance and impact, many mentioned developing an interest in activism around anti-corruption and governance discussions primarily after experiencing the protests in Nepal. This suggests that witnessing international activism might stimulate transnational solidarity and local civic activism. The present research highlights the role of digital global activism in linking civic youth movements in developing democracies. This research also advocates for the integration of digital citizenship and the need for global citizenship for the Nigerian populace.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social media activism
  topic: keywords
subject: youth participation
  topic: keywords
subject: civic engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: digital democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: corruption
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharifatu Gago Ja'afaru
creator: Livinus Jesse Ayih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 44
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.02.717

A Digital Ethnography of Gendered Memes and Symbolism in the India-Pakistan Conflict
type: item
description: This paper discusses how gender repression in memes and symbols is made, shared and argued out in the social media platforms during the times of an intensified India-Pakistan conflict. The study is qualitative digital ethnography, which involves thematic analysis of approximately 500 memes and associated social media posts of X (former twitter), Instagram, and Facebook. The study identifies the four key types of themes, guided by the postcolonial feminist theory: hyper-masculinity of military imagery, that the signification that toughness is ultimate national virtue; instrumentalization of female representation, or body images as metonymic indicators of national pride or victim hood; systematic emasculation of the male other as the technique of dehumanizing the enemy other; and nascent feminist and peace-oriented subaltern counter-narratives that challenge these hegemonic modalities of representation. The work is the contribution to the discourses of digital media studies, conflict studies, and gender studies in its intersectional approach to meme warfare but concentrates on the local geopolitical environment of South Asia. It also shows how digital platforms are influencing modern conflicts in an unknown but significant manner across the gender axis in a new and different way.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: War
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital
  topic: keywords
subject: Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Memes
  topic: keywords
subject: Narrative
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Ethnography
  topic: keywords
creator: Madiha Nadeem
creator: Lubna Razaq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.02.683

Climate Change Sensitization in Pakistan’s Public and Private TV News: A Case Study of Floods 2022
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the portrayal of climate change by Pakistani television news during the 2022 floods, a significant climate-related catastrophe in the country. A quantitative content analysis of the prime time 9 p.m. news shows on three major channels i.e. PTV (public), GEO, and ARY (private) from June to September 2022 has been conducted under the postulates of Framing Theory. Flood-related items that clearly mentioned climate change for their main frame, tone, and source were coded in the coding sheet. PTV focused on relief and official response, frequently employing a positive evaluative tone toward government actions, and allocated a smaller percentage of its flood coverage (9 percent) to climate change. In contrast, GEO and ARY prioritized governance and accountability, cited scientific and non-governmental sources more often, and integrated climate discourse more thoroughly (22 percent and 18 percent, respectively). Significant cross-channel variations in both frames and tone were validated by chi-square tests. With implications for enhancing climate risk communication in Pakistan's extremely vulnerable context, the findings demonstrate how ownership influences media narratives of climate disasters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change, News Media Coverage, Floods, Media Framing
  topic: keywords
creator: Abid Ali Butt
creator: Yasmeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.04.01.677

Critical Review of Ethan Zuckerman’s Perspective on Social Media and Civic Movements: A Case Study of Pakistan
type: item
description: This paper is based on a critical review of Ethan Zuckerman’s two-dimensional model of civic engagement, described as “Thin vs Thick Participation” and “Voice vs. Instrumental Action,” by using the concept of social movements in the Global South, primarily Pakistan. While Slacktivism may popularize digital activism; this study contends that even low-effort online actions can play a significant role in transformation through the setting of public discourse and building support, which creates pressure on institutions. The large-scale Lawyers’ Movement (2007–2009), The #JusticeForZainab campaign (2018), and the Students’ Solidarity March (2018 present). There are three case examples used in this paper to illustrate how different mixes of thick/ thin and voice/instrumental strategies are mediated by national political structures, plus digital platforms. The study further suggests pushing Zuckerman’s model by adding a third axis, historical power dynamics, and global hegemonies, to more truly judge the ability and limits of social movements in postcolonial settings. This improved framework gives a finer view of civic action in developing countries where online protest works within systemic limits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: #SocialMediaActivism
  topic: keywords
subject: #DigitalCivics
  topic: keywords
subject: #ZuckermanModel
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadaf Zubair
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 121
ending page: 139
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.02.661

Exploring The Impact of Consumer Perception On Their Buying Predispositions: A Theoretical Validation of Cause & Effect Theories
type: item
description: This paper is grounded around the systematic literature review of cause-and-effect theories, persuasion and consumer decision making model and relevant existing research for understanding the role of perception in defining consumer behaviour, effect of internal and external variables on perceptions and the resultant buying behaviour. Selection of cause and effect theories was made due to their predictive nature, generalizability, testability and human centric attributes. Key findings reveal that perceived benefits are positively related with consumers’ buying predispositions. Expectation of rewards depends upon the type of need gratification consumer is interested in. Moreover, highly motivated consumers focus on product specifications thus inclined towards the central route of persuasion. In contrast, less involved consumers will be hooked by message cues (like music, spokesperson etc.) hence the peripheral route is preferred.These insights are beneficial for advertisers and marketers as it allows them to understand the interplay of consumers’ thought process, their underlying motives and its impact on their buying decisions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Consumer Decision Making,
  topic: keywords
subject: Buying Predispositions,
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceptions,
  topic: keywords
subject: Buying Behavior,
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivations,
  topic: keywords
creator: Sara Wahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 90
ending page: 120
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.02.604

Visual Digital Resistance: Examining the Humour and Hostility in Pakistani Instagram Memes Post Pahalgam Incident
type: item
description: This study examines the role of memes as a form of digital resistance in response to the Indian threat following the Pahalgam incident of April 22, 2025. When the geopolitical tension between Pakistan and India heightened Instagram emerged as platform where humour and satire were used to encounter hostility. This study is based on thematic analysis of 24 purposefully selected memes shared in a week after the pahalgam incident. The research identifies recurring themes such as satirical nationalism, military symbolism, historical parallels, and emotional catharsis. These memes were political expression, digital resistance and solidarity in response to Indian propaganda. The findings reveal humour and hostility in memes counter political threats by becoming “weapons of the week”. The study highlights that memes serve as the symbols of resilience, determination and unwavering nationalist spirit. This study contributes to the growing discourse on digital resilience and activism showing how humour and sarcasm are incorporated in forms of memes to maintain peace at the time of conflict.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mariam Irshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 58
ending page: 73
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.01.561

Assessing the Quality of COVID-19 information on Social Media in Zimbabwe: Implications for Future Crisis Communication.
type: item
description: This study examines the quality of COVID-19 information on social media among Zimbabwean students, focusing on six information quality indicators (comprehensiveness, accuracy, relevance, accessibility, reliability, consistency), to inform future crisis communication preparedness. An online questionnaire was administered over three months (February to May 2023), and 284 respondents participated. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the survey data, using frequencies and percentages to provide numeric descriptions of the information quality variables. The results of the study indicated that COVID-19 social media information was perceived by the majority as comprehensive (62%, n=176), accurate (73%, n=207), relevant (58%, n=165), accessible (67%, n=190) and consistent (56%, n=159). At the same time, only 33% (n=94) of the respondents identified this information as reliable. The survey further established that social media was the main source of COVID-19 information amongst 66% (n=187) of the respondents, whereas 57% (n=162) perceived the information adequate and 83% (n=236) found it useful. The study highlights the value of social media for COVID-19 information while raising concerns about reliability, underscoring the need to enhance credibility and trustworthiness. These findings have implications for future public health crisis communication. Further research should explore diverse population groups in Zimbabwe for a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19 information quality, Social media, Students, Questionnaire Survey, Zimbabwe.
  topic: keywords
creator: Clemenciana Mukenge
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 32
ending page: 57
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.01.531

Exploring the Significance of Social Media on Social Justice Movements Through the Lens of Social Activists in Pakistan
type: item
description: Today, social media can be seen as a powerful platform for bringing marginalised voices forward and supporting people affected by injustice. As a democratic tool, social media dismantles conventional gatekeeping mechanisms and opens opportunities to organize campaigns that were impossible before. The current study employs in-depth interviews to explore how activists use social media to fight for social justice causes. The goal is to identify how efficient these digital platforms are in getting public attention and support, and how well they can be used to organize protests and make a difference. This study aims to get insight into the perceptions of the activists on social media’s impact on social justice, how they tackle obstacles, and how they function as opinion-makers while advocating for certain causes, raising voices for the marginalized, and striving to reach a just society. Guided by the Public sphere theory, this study explores how social media has become a modern public sphere where activists can speak freely and advocate for social justice movements. The research will contribute to the existing literature and offer practical knowledge to activists, academicians, and policymakers who wish to use technology as a tool for change.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Media,
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice Movements
  topic: keywords
subject: Activism in Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Activism
  topic: keywords
subject: Advocacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Huda Imran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 74
ending page: 95
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.01.525

Role of Social Media in Enhancing the Visibility and Attractiveness of Academic Programs
type: item
description: Abstract Social media has significantly challenged traditional print and broadcast media by shifting viewership and readership. This change necessitates businesses to adapt by leveraging social media for innovative audience engagement. Social media offers new opportunities for competitive advantage but also poses challenges like misinformation and audience fragmentation. In higher education, social media is used as a cost-effective tool for marketing and branding, enhancing student engagement and decision-making (Maresova et al., 2020). While traditional media struggles with revenue and audience loss, it continues to provide curated content, complementing social media's diverse voices (Zachos et al., 2018). Overall, social media's rise has transformed media landscapes, requiring strategic adaptation for survival and success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Universities,
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Programs,
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media,
  topic: keywords
subject: Impact,
  topic: keywords
subject: Students,
  topic: keywords
creator: Saima Zaigham
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 118
ending page: 130
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.01.517

Representation of Climate Change in Pakistani Media: An Analysis of Print Media News Stories and Official Tweets
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the way Pakistani newspapers and climate ministers have framed climate change from 2020 to 2022. This research has been carried out using a quantitative content analysis. The content of news stories from English print media (Dawn and The Nation) and Urdu print media (Daily Jang and Daily Dunya) and official tweets of the Ministry of Climate Change (PTI and PDM government) regarding coverage of climate change was examined by utilizing deductive frames proposed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000). These frames include attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic consequences. It was a census study. A total of 208 news stories and 149 tweets were selected for examination from the year 2020 to 2022. The findings revealed that the attribution of responsibility and economic consequences frames were the most commonly employed frames in both print media and official tweets. Subsequent, conflict and human interest frames were more prominently featured in print media than in the official tweets of the Ministry of Climate Change. Additionally, this study also revealed that government ministries and print media placed the least emphasis on highlighting the morality frame with respect to climate change.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Framing
  topic: keywords
subject: Official Tweets
  topic: keywords
subject: , News Stories
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Behjat Shahid
creator: Muniba Fatima Zahra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 31
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.01.506

Food Documentaries as a Tool for Cultural Promotion of Lahore: A Tourist Perspective
type: item
description: This research eexamine the role of food in promoting cultural heritage, with a particular focus on how street food and food documentaries contribute to the cultural promotion of Lahore, Pakistan. The research explores how street food serves as a medium for image-building at both national and international levels, emphasizing the ways in which visual storytelling particularly through documentaries enhances cultural visibility and tourist engagement. A qualitative research design was employed, with thematic analysis conducted on in-depth interviews from three foreign and three local tourists from Pakistan. The Fits-Like-A-Glove choice theory and the Uses and gratification theory served as the conceptual foundation for the research. Interview protocol was designed as tool for data collection for desired study. The findings of the study revealed that cuisine is closely related to cultural heritage, gastronomy plays a significant role in promoting a city's or country's culture. Furthermore, the use of food documentaries significantly amplifies the cultural messaging by visually capturing the vibrancy, diversity, and authenticity of Lahore’s street food scene. Every place develops its own culture. Tourists look to taste the essence of a culture through its cuisine due to regional variations in climate and other variables. Street food also has significant economic importance since it promotes the preservation of the region's culinary and cultural legacy, which boosts tourism revenues and strengthened links with the territory. The cuisine of Lahore is a fusion of Punjabi cuisine, Mughal cuisine, and street-style culinary traditions emerges as both a sensory and symbolic experience for tourists. Documentaries serve as cultural artifacts that reinforce these connections, making food a unifying force and an effective tool for cultural promotion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Street food,
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Storytelling,
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Documentaries,
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Heritage,
  topic: keywords
creator: Rabbia Shahzad
creator: Naveed Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 96
ending page: 117
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.03.01.503

Effects of Cartoon Series on Learning Attitude
type: item
description: This study examines how cartoon series affect kids' attitudes towards learning. Exaggerated or more realistic styles are common in cartoons, a type of visual expression that has developed from early sketches in the Middle Ages to powerful media in the present. under this study, the effects of animated television show, or cartoons, on students' learning effectiveness, enjoyment, and engagement are under focus. The study uses the Cultivation Theory to investigate how media intake affects children's attitudes towards learning and their long-term views of the world. A sample of 205 kids from urban preschools and primary schools, ages 3 to 7, were included in the study. The results indicate that exposure to educational cartoons is significantly positively correlated with better attitudes towards learning. When it came to learning activities, children who watched instructional cartoons showed greater excitement and interest than those who watched non-educational content. According to the study, instructional cartoons have the ability to improve kids' learning outcomes and experiences. As a result, media creators should concentrate on producing entertaining and instructive content.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cartoon
  topic: keywords
subject: TV shows
  topic: keywords
subject: learning attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: instructional content
  topic: keywords
subject: preschoolers
  topic: keywords
creator: Sahar Mushtaq
creator: Dr. Hilal Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 52
ending page: 64
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.02.448

Work Life Balance Is an Illusion: Exploring the Challenges Faced by Pakistani Working Women
type: item
description: Contemporarily, work-life balance has been subject to considerable discussion, predominantly from working women. Although work life balance remains a buzz word however, it remains an illusion particularly for working women in developing countries like Pakistan. It is imperative to recognize and acknowledge the difficulties women encounter in balancing their jobs and personal and familial obligations in the backdrop of increasing percentage of women as a part of workforce. The aim of this cross-sectional research is to analyse and investigate the challenges faced by the working women in Pakistan regarding work-life balance. Recognition of these issues would enable us to suggest methods, measures and policy interventions as well as regulations to further improve work-life balance in the working women of Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Work Life Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistani Women
  topic: keywords
subject: personal life
  topic: keywords
subject: professional life
  topic: keywords
subject: family
  topic: keywords
subject: constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: time
  topic: keywords
subject: working hours
  topic: keywords
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: finances
  topic: keywords
creator: Zarmeena Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 26
ending page: 51
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.02.420

News Management of Pakistan Electronic Media: A Study of Human and Technological Aspects Influencing News of TV Channel
type: item
description: This study investigates how technology and human elements interact to control news on Pakistani television networks. The study explores the ways in which media technologies, editorial expertise, and decision-making procedures interact to affect news production, distribution, and quality. The study used a qualitative approach and interviewed 15 news journalists from Pakistan's top media outlets. The results emphasize how important human knowledge is to preserving journalistic context and integrity, especially in politically delicate or crisis-driven news situations. At the same time, technical developments like real-time data systems and automated editing tools are acknowledged for improving news production speed and efficiency. But the study also reveals difficulties in combining these two fields. Reporters noted inadequate training, antiquated IT infrastructure. The findings from this explorative research venture carry significant implications for policy makers and management stakeholders of news channel in how to incorporate maximal Media Technologies in proficient manner to facilitate authentic and quick functioning of their setups. In addition, this would identify the gaps in the existing utility of ICT highlight the suggestive ways in which existing Media Technologies' can be enhanced and improved for the maxima news processing functions of news reporters.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: News management
  topic: keywords
subject: TV channel
  topic: keywords
subject: ICTs
  topic: keywords
subject: Electronic media
  topic: keywords
subject: real-time data systems
  topic: keywords
subject: IT infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Ashraf
creator: Zahir Ahmed
creator: Muhammad Rizwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-02
publication date: 2025-01-02
starting page: 65
ending page: 83
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.02.439

A Quantitative Content Analysis Examining Influence of Bollywood on the Integration of Hindi and Urdu
type: item
description: The aim of this study is to investigate how popularity of Bollywood movies has contributed to the blending of Hindi and Urdu, particularly in urban areas of Pakistan affecting everyday language using 384 participants. The survey used a structured questionnaire that was meant to gather information on different aspects of Bollywood’s role in integrating Hindi and Urdu languages through popular films. We design a data collection instrument that has fifteen questions only. This involves administering a survey with an Agree/Disagree/Neutral scale to a sample of youth population from city of Lahore whose age between15 to 24. Further in the research, it is discussed what kind of effect the linguistic decisions of Bollywood posit for the spectators in both Indian and Pakistani cinematographs to expand their cultural tolerance while all the geopolitical enmity between the Indian and Pakistani borders. This research underscores the rather unique role of Bollywood as the mediating ground for linguistics and culture in the process of constructing on the relationship between Hindi and Urdu as two sides of the same coin.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bollywood Movies
  topic: keywords
subject: Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Language
  topic: keywords
subject: Hindi
  topic: keywords
subject: Urdu
  topic: keywords
creator: Ghulam Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-02
publication date: 2025-01-02
starting page: 84
ending page: 102
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.02.380

How Facebook Influences Parent-Adolescent Interactions: A Study on Interpersonal Dynamics
type: item
description: In today’s digital age, the growing prevalence of social networking platforms, particularly Facebook, among teenagers has significantly impacted their relationships with parents. This study utilizes a qualitative approach to examine Facebook’s effect on interactions between parents and adolescents, with a specific focus on interpersonal connections. Data collection was conducted through a survey guide distributed to 20 parents, aligning with a qualitative methodology. The research is anchored in the Uses and Gratifications Theory, which provides a strong basis for exploring these relational dynamics. By adopting this qualitative method, the study seeks to address existing gaps and limitations in prior research. The collected data are processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study’s results indicate that adolescents, often deeply engaged with Facebook, feel less compelled to interact with their parents, instead building closer ties with online peers. This frequent use of Facebook is highlighted as a key factor that potentially weakens parent-adolescent bonds. Parents also report that high Facebook activity among teenagers negatively affects their relationship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adolescent Behavior, Facebook Usage, Interpersonal Relationships, Parent-Adolescent Interaction, Social Media Impact.
  topic: keywords
creator: Syeda Urwa Bukhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 01
ending page: 25
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.02.412

Media as a Catalyst for Change: Addressing Transgender Violence and Healthcare Inequality in Pakistan
type: item
description: This paper examines the role of media in addressing violence and medical inequality experienced by transgender individuals within Pakistan. It tends on to analyze major cases and the power of media advocacy in rising responsiveness and inducing public perception and policy deviations. The study is based on qualitative content analysis of news reports, and discussions with activists, journalists, and healthcare specialists. Results demonstrates that media coverage has been central in the mobilizing support for the trans community but highlights gaps in depiction and the need for more constant and empathetic attention. The paper finds recommendations for improving media strategies to improve media strategies to care the transgenders through ethical reporting, comprehensive narratives, and continued support efforts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: trans community
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: role of media
  topic: keywords
subject: media reporting
  topic: keywords
subject: media advocacy
  topic: keywords
subject: gender violence
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Khalil
creator: Rabia Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-01
publication date: 2024-07-01
starting page: 89
ending page: 100
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.01.334

Impacts of YouTube Tutorials on Students Education
type: item
description: This study shows how YouTube video tutorials helps in education of universities students. We collect data from undergraduate students who belongs to different departments of 6 universities in Lahore, Pakistan Public, Private & Distance Learning Education Institutions. The sample size consisted of 384 respondents from each category using disproportionate stratified sampling technique of undergraduate students. The effectiveness of YouTube tutorial watchers of undergraduate students of different universities who belongs to different departments was measured using a 13-item questionnaire. The quantitative phase involves a survey administered to a representative sample of university students, utilizing an Agree/Disagree/Neutral scale to assess various dimensions of YouTube's impact. YouTube plays a crucial role in enhancing the educational experience for university students, providing supplementary resources that contribute to a deeper understanding of complex concepts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: YouTube
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Tutorial
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Concepts
  topic: keywords
creator: Ghulam Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 101
ending page: 117
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.01.314

Effects of Watching Pakistani TV Dramas On Perceived Portrayal of Family Relationships Among University Students
type: item
description: Media plays an important role in promoting ideas and transforming society. Media scholars believe that new world culture is appearing through Television. The aim of this study to explore how university students perceive the portrayal of family relationships in the Pakistani TV Dramas (Geo entertainment, ARY Digital, Hum TV or other channels) and they perceived portrayal of family relations negative and how much they are affected. A sample of 200 respondents was chosen for this cross sectional research through purposive sampling technique. Findings of the study reveal that there is a moderate relationship between perceived status of family relationship and their effects on students. Moreover, gender has a significant relationship with family system. The study concludes that there are significant changes taking place in portrayal of family relationship and Pakistani TV dramas promote negative family relationship and family crisis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Television, Pakistani Dramas, Family relationship, university students
  topic: keywords
creator: Saba Sultana
creator: Aaima Batool
creator: Amina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 68
ending page: 88
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.01.337

Exploring how Facebook usage affects the interpersonal connections of adolescents with their parents
type: item
description: In the current digital era, the escalating use of Social Networking Sites, particularly Facebook, among adolescents has become a prominent factor influencing their interpersonal relations with parents. This research employs a quantitative approach to investigate the effects of Facebook usage on the relationships between adolescents and their parents. The quantitative aspect utilizes a survey method, collecting data through a questionnaire administered to 400 adolescents. The study draws on the theoretical framework of Technological Determinism theory, as it robustly supports the exploration of these dynamics. By employing a quantitative approach, the research aims to address gaps and limitations present in previous studies. The collected data are analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS). The findings reveal that adolescents, engrossed in frequent Facebook usage, perceive a reduced necessity to engage with their parents. Instead, they tend to form stronger bonds with online friends, diminishing their connection with parents. The excessive use of Facebook emerges as a significant factor weakening the parent-adolescent relationship. Adolescents acknowledge the adverse impact of their extensive Facebook use on interpersonal relations with their parents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Facebook
  topic: keywords
subject: Interpersonal relations
  topic: keywords
subject: parents
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Networking Sites
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Hilal Fatima
creator: Syeda Urwa Bukhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 67
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.01.315

In Female Consumption Patterns of Digital Media: An Analysis of Ait Live Platform
type: item
description: In an era marked by evolving media landscapes, understanding why women choose to engage with digital media and what they seek to gain from it is of paramount importance. This paper investigates the types of content that resonate with women, including news, business, sports, and their engagement metrics, such as likes, shares, and comments. Factors influencing consumption patterns, such as age, location, and education, are examined to provide a holistic perspective. Through the lens of the Uses and Gratifications Theory and Feminist Theory, the paper looked at the motives behind women's digital media engagement, including the desire for information, entertainment, social interaction, and empowerment. This analysis aims to shed light on the multifaceted nature of women's digital media consumption patterns, revealing the underlying needs and gratifications that drive their interactions with AIT.LIVE news platform. The paper finds that female users on the digital media platform AIT.LIVE exhibit varying patterns of visit frequency and duration, suggesting that the platform is adaptable to the diverse lifestyles and schedules of its female audience. The paper recommends that AIT.LIVE should continue to support diverse content creation, especially by female influencers, to ensure that women find varieties of content that resonates with them. Ultimately, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of how digital media can be tailored to better serve the diverse preferences and needs of female audiences in the Nigerian context. Keywords: Female, Digital media, Consumption patterns, News, AIT.LIVE
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Joy Ofordi
creator: Joseph Babatunde Ayodele
creator: Ramatu Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 29
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.02.01.272

Impacts of Romantic Dramas on Youth of Lahore
type: item
description: This paper examines the Impacts of Pakistani Romantic Television Dramas on Youth of Lahore, Pakistan, including students, housewives, and journalists. The sample size of 385 drama watchers was chosen using the disproportionate stratified sampling technique, with 192 respondents from both category. The 14-item was used to detect the level of effectiveness of Pakistani Romantic Television Dramas on Youth of Lahore. The inventory includes statements with Agree/Disagree/Neutral responses. Romance is prevalent in prime time dramas on Pakistan’s state and private television stations. Findings revealed that the 15–29-year-old group. Many dramas on television shows the real culture of Pakistan, but some dramas destroy our family and moral values of Youth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Romantic Television Drama
  topic: keywords
subject: Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Romance
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Values
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Values
  topic: keywords
creator: Ghulam Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 83
ending page: 94
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.01.02.212

Social Networking as Determinant of Online Friendship Quality and Trust: Case of Pakistan
type: item
description: This study's major objective is to investigate the relationships between young adults' use of social media, degree of trust, and quality of friendship. A relationship between social media use, level of trust, and the calibre of online friendship was hypothesized. It was also hpothesized that young adults' use of social media and degree of trust are indicators of the strength of their friendships. 300 college students (150 men and 150 women) made up the sample. The sample's age ranged from 18 to 30 years (M = 22.10, SD = 2.11).The data was collected from University students, having online friendships. Friendship Quality Scale (Thien, 2012), Trust Scale (Yamagishi, 1986) and Social Media Usage and Attitudes Scale (Rosen et al, 2013) were used. The results revealed negative relationship in social networking and perceived quality of friendship and trust among online friends. The results of regression analysis reflected that social media is a significant negative predictor of the friendship quality and level of trust is a positive predictor of online friendships. There were marked gender differences in friendship quality and level of trust as boys showed up better friendship quality and greater level of trust than girls. However future research, longitudinal in nature is suggested to keep into account intersection between youths’ online and offline friendship experiences overtime in order to reveal the dynamics of online friendships.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr Rubab Mussarat
creator: Dr. Afsheen Masood
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 22
ending page: 34
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.01.02.200

Role of Media in Empowerment of Transgenders in Pakistan
type: item
description: The media serves as a platform for the transgender community to promote their rights, draw attention to issues they face, and shed light on their hardships. Through news reports, documentaries, and interviews, the media can influence the public's perception by dispelling the myths and stereotypes that have long rendered transgender individuals powerless. The media can also promote social change by positively portraying and highlighting transgender persons. By making their achievements, skills, and stories public and encouraging more acceptance and inclusion, the media helps to subvert traditional conventions and prejudices. Understanding the media role in shaping public perceptions of transgender individuals and their empowerment is crucial for advancing social justice and promoting equal rights. This research can also help inform interventions aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination against transgender individuals and improving their access to education, healthcare, and employment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transgender Community Systemic Discernment, Media Role, Transgender Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Zakria
creator: Mustabshera Quddus
creator: Dr. Hilal Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 UCP Journal of Mass Communication https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 61
ending page: 82
doi: 10.24312/ucp-jmc.01.02.211