UCP-JBP publishes quality research ideas in the domain of management sciences. The journal welcomes conceptual and empirical papers supporting novel perspectives, contextualized knowledge, and futuristic business models. The journal contributes to the larger horizons of the development of research culture locally and globally by acknowledging noteworthy work from academic scholars, practitioners, and emerging researchers. ISSN: 3005-897X (Online), 3005-8961(Print)
Promoting Innovation Performance in European Developing Nations: Role of Technology Transfer, Regulation Quality, Research and Development Expenditures and Knowledge Spillovers
The European Union's single market has positioned it as a key player in global foreign direct investment (FDI). Nevertheless, the more developed economies of the original 15 EU member states have consistently drawn a larger portion of inbound FDI. This study explores the relationship between FDI, technology transfer, and innovation performance in 26 EU member states. It also considers the influence of human capital, R&D, and anti-corruption policies on FDI and innovation. Using panel data from 2011 to 2022 and fixed effect estimation (FEE) techniques, the research investigates how FDI-induced spillovers impact patent activities in both the advanced economies of the EU-15 and the transition economies of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC). The findings reveal that FDI generally boosts innovation performance in EU enterprises, with a more pronounced effect on the innovation activities of CEEC countries, reflecting their efforts to enhance their innovation capabilities. However, industry-level analysis indicates that EU-15 manufacturing sectors are more likely to benefit from FDI than their counterparts in the CEEC. The study offers valuable insights into the role of regulation quality, technology transfer, human capital, R&D investments, and FDI in driving innovation and economic growth in host countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 UCP Journal of Business Perspectives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship of Motivational and Social Factors with Entrepreneurial Intentions
Global interest is increasingly moving away from traditional business models and gravitating toward entrepreneurship as a means of gaining a competitive edge. Individuals with creative and innovative mindsets launch new ventures by tapping into emerging or underutilized resources, generating returns in the form of wealth, recognition, and reputation, and are ultimately recognized as “entrepreneurs.” The process they engage in is known as “entrepreneurship.” This concept is crucial for driving economic growth and reducing unemployment by uncovering new opportunities and creating jobs. Therefore, it becomes essential to examine the factors that either support or hinder an individual's journey into entrepreneurship. Based on existing literature, it is evident that certain key elements particularly motivational and social influencesccan either inspire or deter someone from becoming an entrepreneur. This study aims to explore how these motivational and social factors impact entrepreneurial intentions within the context of Pakistan.
Untangling Demand-Following and Supply-Leading Postulate with the Lens of Granger Causality
Researcher experimentally examined the interconnectedness among economic prosperity (EG) plus financial prosperity (FD) using the ARDL and Granger methodologies on annual data spanning 24 years, from 1988 to 2012. We measure economic prosperity (EG) by looking at real economic prosperity (GDP), and we measure financial prosperity (FD) by looking at two things: the progress of the financing system plus advancement of the stock market. The present study shows that the variables are cointegrated. A signal-directional causal link exists between financial prosperity (FD) and economic prosperity (EG), wherein LGDP granger causes finance lending growth and financial market capitalization and share trading volume granger cause LGDP. In certain instances, a supply-leading relationship is established, whereas in others, a demand-following relationship is demonstrated. Policymakers should formulate policies to enhance microfinance facilities, thereby fostering investment in small and medium firms. Pakistan's economy would grow faster if the financial sector improved and streamlined its microfinance processes, corporate governance, and risk management.
Employee Personality Traits and their Prospected Behavior to Adopt Organizational Cynicism: A Mediated Moderated Model
This study examined the personality qualities of employees and how they responded to organizational cynicism in Pakistan's banking industry by using organizational commitment as a mediating factor. The research construct is supported by the HEXACO model. The study used quantitative survey method, and data from bank employees in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Mianwali were obtained. The study's sample included 493 bank employees from various branches located in these cities. Using SPSS-21 and SmartPLS-4, the analysis includes reliability testing, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to new experiences, honesty-humility, and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the results revealed that, through the mediating role of organizational commitment, the personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, honesty-humility, and openness to new experiences have a negative connection with organizational cynicism. The results also showed a negative relationship between organizational commitment and organizational cynicism in relation to occupational stress. The results demonstrate the significance of HEXACO personality traits in explaining employees' commitment levels and how they respond to cynicism in the workplace. Findings contribute to literature to understand the interplay between personality, commitment, and cynicism. These results provide practical guidance to HR professionals and policymakers by informing recruitment practices and commitment-building activities to decrease cynicism at work and improve organizational harmony.
The Impact of Technology on Forensic Accounting and FraudDetection: A Case Study of Omani Firms
Rapid technological improvements have revolutionised several businesses, affecting financial fraud and accounting detection. Fraud practices are increasing and becoming more complicated nowadays, whereas the traditional methods of investigating and detecting fraud meet challenges in keeping pace. This study aims to improve forensic accounting efficiency by increasing accuracy and reliability, reducing task time, and adapting to technological advancement. Hence, the study objectives are to explore the impact of cutting-edge technology on forensic accounting and fraud detection within Omani firms, its applications, integration challenges, and solutions to overcome them. The research uses a mixed-method approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data. An online questionnaire is distributed to a sample of 30 forensic accountants and auditors across various Omani firms, focusing on their perspectives regarding the impact and challenges of technology in this field. Using Microsoft Excel, data are analysed through different statistical analyses like descriptive, correlation, regression, and ANOVA analyses. The findings demonstrate that forensic accounting efficiency is directly related to technology adoption and organisational challenges. However, organisational challenges do not correlate with technology adoption. The research suggests that continuous education and training for employees and targeted investments in cybersecurity are crucial for addressing these obstacles. This research enhances fraud detection techniques and increases trust in financial systems, benefiting regulators, organisations, and stakeholders.
Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain Financing, Financial Capital Availability and Firm Performance: A Tri-Variate Interaction Analysis for Small and Medium Family Enterprises
This study investigates the influence of blockchain-enabled supply chain financing (BcTSCF) on the performance and financial capital availability of small- and medium-sized family enterprises (SMFEs) in Ghana. Utilizing the purposive sampling method, data were collected from 215 SMFEs across Ghana’s agribusiness, construction, catering and hospitality, fashion and design, and wholesale and retail sectors. Drawing implicitly on resource-based theory and employing a quantitative correlational approach and PLS-SEM, we find that financial capital availability is positively influenced by BcTSCF, enhancing firm performance, especially innovation performance. Specifically, BcTSCF is positively related with availability of financial capital. Furthermore, firm performance was positively influenced by the availability of financial capital for SMFEs (ꞵ= 0.652; t-value = 20.287; CI [0.587, 0.713]; p ˂ 0.001). Between innovation and financial performance, the availability of financial capital has a greater impact on the former than the latter (ꞵ=0.574; t-value = 19.443; CI [0.516, 0.632]; p-value ˂ 0.01). This study contributes significantly to the sparse academic discourse in sub-Saharan Africa by addressing the gap in research on BcTSCF and SMFEs in developing countries. Again, it provides important information for industry practitioners and regulators to encourage blockchain usage and to enhance SMFEs' financial health of SMFEs.
blockchain technology-enabled supply chain financing (BcTSCF)
small and medium family enterprises (SMFEs)
Comparative study of Customer Perceived Value in Pre and Post Purchase Stage: A Case of University Students
The present study aims to explore the differences among business students’ customer perceived value before and after admission in the higher education institution. Data was collected using self-questionnaire method on different dimensions of Customer Perceived Value including Functional Value, Epistemic Value, Social Value, Emotional Value, Conditional Value and Image Value. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results reflect that there is a difference in the dimensions of perceived value in both stages. This research will help the higher education practitioners to serve the prospective and current customers properly as they will know the differences in their perceptions before and after admission. They will able to provide better learning experience to the students and ultimately getting more admission. Future research opportunities are also discussed. Aim: The purpose of the study is to determine the role of customer perceived value and identify the comparisons in pre and post purchase stage among university students. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the responses from university students. The responses were acquired about different dimensions of Customer perceived value including functional value, epistemic value, social value, emotional value, conditional value and image value. The data is analyzed using the software package of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings: The results uncovered that the empirical significance of perceived value is multidimensional. Notably, social value, emotional value and conditional values differs at pre-admission stage in comparison to post-admission stage. In addition, epistemic value, functional value and perceived image value proven similar at pre-admission and post-admission stage. Implications: Universities should improve social, emotional and conditional support during pre-admission to lure learners. Likewise, creating and maintaining epistemic, functional, and image value to the extent of admission guarantees student satisfaction. Students should use these dimensions to match expectations with what institutions have to offer for great experiences. Value: This paper presents the multifaceted construct of perceived value in HE and provides implications of the findings for managing value at various stages. The study guides the stakeholders to improve their students’ experiences and to match institution initiatives with students’ expectations successfully.
Ripple Reaction towards Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability: A Sustainable Model for Emerging Economy
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a vital role in improving the firm performance. Many researches have been done in this context but the relationship among the CSR, inflation and performance is not explored yet. Hence the purpose of this study is to demonstrate how corporate social responsibility and inflation affect firm profitability in the 30 manufacturing industries of China over the period 2011 to 2023. This study checks the impact of CSR, inflation, leverage and firm size on profitability using the bivariate regression, ordinary least square and heterogeneous model. The study's findings indicate that: (1) firm profitability are significantly impacted by CSR; (2) profitability is significantly impacted by inflation. Leverage and firm size also affect the firm performance. A crisis of trust can result from inflation, which seriously damages a company's relationships with its stakeholders, including employees, customers, and other parties. This is especially true at a time when a lot of people are accusing businesses of artificially boosting prices in order to increase profits. If the companies are interested to enhance their profits, then ultimately they should focus on CSR and environmental activities.
Systematic Literature Review on Capital Budgeting Techniques
Organizations use capital budgeting to make strategic decisions that affect their long-term development, sustainability, and profitability. This study identifies sustainability considerations, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, governmental policies and regulations that affect capital budgeting decisions, and key performance indicators (KPIs) that are frequently used in evaluating the success of capital investments. This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes the existing research on capital budgeting techniques. The examination includes sophisticated techniques such as real options analysis, simulation modeling, and decision trees, as well as a variety of capital budgeting approaches such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period. Researchers, experts and politicians aiming to expand their knowledge of capital budgeting procedures and guide future studies and activities within the field.
Financial Literacy, Behavioral biases and Risk Perception: Evidence from the London Stock Exchange
The primary Objective of the study is analyzing impact of Financial Literacy on the behavioral biases of individual investor mediated by risk perception evidence from London Stock Exchange. By means of data gathered from 458 LSE investors, the study validates that FL dramatically lowers BB by raising RP. The results show that financially knowledgeable investors are more suited to evaluate risks precisely, thereby reducing prejudices such loss aversion, overconfidence, and anchoring. As a vital intermediary, RP converts financial information into more logical investing choices. Emphasizing the need of focused financial education programs to improve investor decision-making, the study helps behavioral finance by offering empirical data from one of the most powerful financial markets worldwide. Although the cross-sectional character of the study restricts causal inference, the findings provide insightful analysis for legislators, financial institutions, and teachers trying to create more stable and efficient markets by raising financial literacy.
Fintech, Financial Inclusion, and Income Inequality
The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between fintech, financial inclusion, and income disparity. We used OLS regression on panel data for 2011, 2013, and 2017 from 93 nations. Mobile phones for bill payments served as an indicator of fintech, while account ownership, savings, and borrowing from established financial institutions were used to gauge financial inclusion. The research shows that the use of fintech, the expansion of access to financial services, and the narrowing of the income gap exist. The findings also emphasize the importance of financial inclusion as a primary factor in how fintech helps reduce income inequality. The study also highlights the significance of R&D spending innovation in successfully deploying Fintech and financial inclusion initiatives to reduce income inequality. The findings as a whole point to the importance of increased access to innovative financial services in reducing income disparities. Fintech and financial inclusion are potent instruments for fostering economic parity, since they expand people's access to resources to meet their financial needs.
Copyright (c) 2024 UCP Journal of Business Perspectives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Participative Leadership Style on Employee's Performance: Mediating Role of Employee Learning
This study is based on finding the Impact of leadership styles on employee performance, and it mainly discusses the participative leadership style. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of participative leadership style on employee performance. We used mediation in the shape of employee learning, which is a novelty of our study. The objective of our research is to check whether participative leadership is beneficial for educational institutions. The study also investigates employee learning in institutions when the participative leadership style is practiced and checks whether the performance of employees improves or not. The study was based on a quantitative approach, and data was collected personally through a well-structured questionnaire and survey in educational institutions in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Our respondents were explicitly the staff of that institution. We used different statistical tools to analyze our results and interpretation. Our findings indicate that participative leadership style has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. We also offer some practical recommendations regarding the participative leadership style. This research contributes by bridging the theory and practice, providing an understanding of leadership patterns and resulting performance improvement in educational settings.
Social Media Usage by Teenager and Adult Students and Its Impact on Their Academic Performance and Mental Health: A Post COVID19 Comparative Analysis
Based on parents’ and psychologists’ concerns over the young generation's excessive use of social media, this research examines its effect on teenagers' and adult students’ academic performance and mental health after the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic. The researchers collected data from students studying at public and private educational institutions through convenience sampling techniques. Structural analyses indicated significant adverse effects of social media usage on students’ mental health. In specific ways, it has been found to increase students' academic productivity, both teenagers and adults, allowing them to expand their scope of learning. This study has explored the societal impact of excessive reliance on unregulated social media platforms, leading to notable shifts in behavior including increased social isolation, diminished empathy, and various physical health complications. Recognizing and addressing the detrimental effects of the aforementioned factors will prove advantageous for both parents and teachers, as it will help to curtail excessive reliance on social media.
Second Generation Gender Bias in Female Lawyers: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies
Objective: Focusing upon second-generation gender bias (2GGB) as the primary cause of gender discrimination in the legal profession, current research is intended to investigate the causes of 2GGB at the workplace, how female lawyers are affected, and how they are handling the effects of this phenomenon. Methodology: The study is based upon an interpretivist approach conducted through semi-structured interviews with 15 lady lawyers having at least five years of litigation experience in the courts of law. Findings: The data analysis indicated three main themes: structural, social, and personal issues causing 2GGB hindering female lawyers' career progression and development. There is little exclusive evidence elucidating the occurrence and prevalence of 2GGB in female lawyers in emerging economies in Asia. Value: It can be considered a pioneer qualitative work is highlighting this concept in the patriarchal perspective of the emerging society. The current study results will augment the overall theoretical understanding of this more recent and subtle conception among female lawyers.
Should a Conventional Bank Open an Islamic Branch? The Financial Efficiency Analysis
In recent years, a notable trend of conventional banks establishing Islamic branches has been observed. The primary driver behind this rise in Islamic branch openings appears to be the public's growing interest in halal business practices and transactions. Additionally, the State Bank's shift towards promoting Islamic finance has further incentivized conventional banks to expand their Islamic banking offerings. However, the senior management of these dual banking institutions is primarily concerned with maximizing their financial benefits and profits. As such, they are focused on determining which type of branch, Islamic or conventional, is more conducive to the profitability and efficiency of their organization. The present study aims to investigate the factors that make Islamic branches more beneficial compared to their conventional counterparts. To this end, the researchers will analyze secondary data from both banking sectors and apply regression analysis to examine the differences in the drivers of profitability and efficiency between Islamic and conventional branches.
Testing the Economic Theory of Crime in case of Pakistan
In Pakistan, one of the biggest issues is crime. It has an impact on the economy in addition to society. This study's primary goal is to evaluate the economic theory of crime as it applies to Pakistan. The foremost impartial of this study were to check the relation between inflation, political stability, and income inequality with crime rate of Pakistan while implying the economic theory of crime, but regression analysis and correlation are employed to verify the impact of socioeconomic status on criminal activity. For this purpose, regression analysis was conducted. The findings of this study reveal that factors are positively associated with the dependent variable. However, the outcome of income inequality and political stability shows a negative association with crime. For this study quantitative method has been used. Furthermore, from 2004 to 2021 The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics and other sources have provided secondary data. Additionally, E-views software was utilized to measure the instruments. This study gives evidence by testing the economic theory that people move toward crime to maximize their needs.
Impact of 2008’s Financial Crisis on Islamic Banks of Pakistan
The comparison of financial performance of conventional and Islamic banks is a widely discussed topic after the development of the latter. The existing literature review suggests that Islamic banks usually outperform conventional banks even during crises (Azzam & Rettab, 2020), and this may imply that the global financial crisis of 2008 had little or no impact on the Islamic banks. This empirical study aims to test this narrative and compares ratios and stock prices of all full-fledged Islamic banks of Pakistan with an objective of analyzing the impact of crisis upon profitability, efficiency, risk management, asset quality, liquidity management and stock returns of IBs through trend analysis from 2005-2020. The data collected from bank’s annual financial statements provided by official websites is used to test the hypothesis that these ratios and stock prices remain unchanged during the crisis. Through the application of One Way ANOVA methodology, the study concludes that profitability, efficiency and returns remain unaffected by the crisis whereas banks suffer because of liquidity, asset quality, and risk management. The application of t-test on different sub-periods indicates that capital adequacy and write-off ratios of Islamic banks need improvement. The impact of COVID on the performance of Islamic banks is limited. The research work implies that the bank managers and policy makers should focus on capital adequacy and write-off ratios in making future decisions.
Impact of conversion on deposits and operational cost of Faysal Bank: A case of Pakistan
Islamic financial industry is showing remarkable growth and has earned confidence of both investors and the creditors. Conventional banks are converting their business into Islamic around the globe and Pakistan is much ahead in this regard since it has to convert all its conventional banking into Islamic. This study is about the conversion of Faysal Bank which the largest conversion globally rated by ‘first of its scale’ by IIRA and AAOIFI. Finding of the study are that conversion effect deposits positively also the bank is performing far better than before conversion.
Customers Experience and Perception Towards the Adaptation of Financial Services; A Special Reference to RAAST
This study delves into the intricate landscape of the banking industry, specifically examining the transition from traditional banking experiences to the adoption of the newly introduced digital financial service, RAAST, by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) in January 2021. Despite extensive promotional efforts by commercial banks through advertisements and marketing campaigns, the study focuses on understanding customer perceptions and addressing challenges in embracing this digital transformation. The research encompasses a diverse sample of 250 respondents from various regions across Pakistan, and the data is meticulously analyzed using SPSS-26, incorporating the specialized Hayes extension for mediation analysis. Considering the multifaceted factors, the primary objective is to unravel the complex dynamics influencing customers' intention to use RAAST. Surprisingly, the findings reveal an insignificant direct relationship between customers' banking experiences and their intention to use RAAST. This intriguing outcome prompts a deeper exploration into the underlying factors contributing to this lack of correlation. The study goes beyond the surface to investigate the potential mediators that influence the adoption of RAAST. The mediation analysis highlights several crucial factors in shaping customer intentions. Notably, ease of use emerges as a powerful mediator, bridging the gap between the traditional banking experience and the allure of RAAST. Additionally, the study identifies the impact of television advertisements, point-of-purchase interactions, and direct marketing in mediating the relationship between existing banking experiences and the intention to use RAAST. The results suggest that while customers may not be directly swayed by their past banking experiences, various mediating factors significantly contribute to their willingness to embrace RAAST. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for policymakers and commercial banks, emphasizing the importance of targeted strategies that prioritize ease of use, effective television advertisements, strategic point-of-purchase engagement, and personalized direct marketing to facilitate the successful adoption of digital financial services in Pakistan.
Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards on Job Satisfaction of Employee: An Empirical Analysis
Within the changing business realm businesses are facing increasing pressure to ensure that their operations are meeting the industry standards and complying with customers’ needs. Dynamic organizations focus on investing on their human capital to enhance overall organizational output. The current research investigates how intrinsic and extrinsic rewards impact the job satisfaction of people working at different levels in manufacturing and services firms. Using the non-probability convenience sampling technique, the authors collected data from employees in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The statistical analyses indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are vital to workers' job satisfaction. The current research provides valuable insights to senior management of manufacturing and services firms. It explains how they can enhance the job satisfaction of their employees, leading to enhanced productivity by offering them intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.
Evaluating the role of reputational risk on the performance of banks
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of reputational risk on the performance of banks in Pakistan. For this research, the data was collected through the primary quantitative technique where the survey was conducted from the 100 bank managers of Pakistan. The data was analysed through correlation and regression analysis using SPSS software. The findings of the study state that reliability and integrity have a negative and insignificant influence over bank performance. While on the other hand, quality of financial product and services are found to have positive and significant influence on bank performance which suggests that an increase in the quality of financial product leads to an increase in Pakistani banks' performance. Further, Customer care has also been found to have positive and significant influence on bank performance. The study has certain limitations such as the sample size which is small and data generalizability can be an issue. Furthermore, the secondary data was not used as there is no such reputation index of Pakistan. Therefore, the future studies can consider various risk factors in evaluating their effect on bank performance. Further, future research can be considered developing reputation index for Banks using secondary quantitative data.
Copyright (c) 2023 UCP Journal of Business Perspectives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship Between Work-Family Conflict & Counterproductive Work Behavior with the Mediating Effect of Sense of Indebtedness and Experienced Guilt
This research is an attempt to explain the link between work family conflict and counter productive work behavior in which the mediating role of experienced guilt and a sense of indebtedness has been established. Data is collected from the nursing staff working in the Healthcare sector in the Gujranwala division of Punjab Pakistan. This study is a cross sectional study to examine the relationship between mentioned variables. Therefore, longitudinal research should be used in the future to avoid the causality effect. Out of the total population, 399 respondents' responses were used to analyze for this study. SPSS and SMART PLS were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was used to check the validity and reliability of the instrument. Herman’s single factor and Common Latent factor method were used to test the biases in the data. For data analysis the researcher has used SMART PLS to confirm the mediating effect of Sense of indebtedness and experienced guilt. The results support the proposed hypothesis. Limitations and suggestions are also explained in the last chapter of this study.
The Effect of Self-Directed Learning Skills on Teacher Turnover Intention in Post-COVID Era
This study examines the impact of self-directed learning skills on teacher turnover intention in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Pakistan. The study focuses on various aspects of self-directed learning skills and aims to provide insights for educational institutes to manage turnover intentions by imparting self-learning strategies to teachers. The study employs a quantitative research design, collecting data from 251 teaching faculty of both public and private universities in Lahore, Pakistan, using a survey questionnaire. The results reveal that motivation and self-confidence, attitude towards learning, ability to plan learning, and evaluation of learning success reduce turnover intention. An interesting finding shows that the positive relationship between the attitude to apply learning strategies and turnover intention suggests that the ability to apply learning strategies could enhance their skill set and marketability, leading them to seek better opportunities elsewhere. This research has important practical consequences for educational institutions, it recommends that institutions should focus on teaching employees self-directed learning methodologies while simultaneously regulating their intent to leave. Institutions may retain talented personnel, minimize turnover costs, and enhance overall performance by doing so. To increase self-directed learning skills and minimize turnover intentions, institutions must engage in staff development programs, provide a positive work atmosphere, and give professional development opportunities. The study is unique in that it uses social exchange theory to explore the link between self-directed learning skills and turnover intention, offering a novel viewpoint on minimizing turnover by boosting self-directed learning and enhancing the work environment. It emphasizes the relevance of social exchange processes in determining teachers' intentions to leave and the importance of balancing rewards and costs in the workplace. The study's contribution to the literature is the development of a novel and significant theoretical framework for comprehending this intricate interaction.
Role of Sexual Harassment in Female Mental Distress, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction: Moderating role of perceived peer support
Businesses are facing cut-throat competition to compete and survive in the highly dynamic industrial environment. Managers are making all efforts to maximize the capitalization of available resources and achieve operational efficiency. However, firms cannot survive without developing their human resources and ensuring their mental and physical health. Considering the significant increase in women's participation in industrial operations, this study focuses on the sexual harassment issue they face in the business environment and how it impacts their mental health, job burnout, and satisfaction. In this regard, perceived peer support is taken as a moderating variable. The authors took data from female staff associated with the hospitality and tourism industry. It is found that sexual harassment orientation results in mental distress, increased job burnout, and declined job satisfaction. However, perceived peer support significantly moderates these findings and diminishes the strength of these relations. The finding suggests that management must take care of their female workers and promote a safe and healthy working environment that discourages sexual harassment and respect all workers.
Human Capital, Technological Spillover and Productivity of Manufacturing Sector: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and India
The most important macroeconomic goal for a developing country is to achieve the accelerated and sustained economic growth. In pursuance of this, creditable objectives and identification of the variables which are capable of accelerating growth are needed. Total factor productivity (TFP) is considered as one of the contributory factors for economic growth. TFP is measured as residual using the Growth Accounting approach. The Solow’s residual accounts for the portion of output could not be explained by the growth of inputs. Increased productivity level is a prerequisite to attain higher level of output for the same level of input. The research has been conducted in subcontinent for exploring the role of human capital in increasing the productivity however the role of technological spillovers has not been investigated in detail, specifically in case of Pakistan. In this background the study investigated the impact of human capital and technological spillovers on manufacturing productivity for both India and Pakistan using time series data from 1980-2014. Johanson’s Co-integration Approach and Vector Error Correction Model(VECM) were employed to investigate the long run and short run relationship among the variables. The results reveal the existence of long run relationship among Human Capital, Research & Development (R&D) Expenditure and TFP variable. The estimated results of the models show the positive significant influence of human capital and technological spillover on manufacturing productivity for both countries. The positive and significant coefficients imply that investment in human capital, R & D Expenditure and Technical Cooperation Grants resulted in increased productivity. So there is need to devise the policies for the development of human capital and enhancing Research & Development expenditure over time.